近日，美国心脏协会（AHA）对海姆立克急救法（Heimlich Maneuver）的操作指南进行了重要更新。新指南强调，在实施腹部冲击前，应先鼓励患者自主咳嗽；若患者仍能咳嗽、说话或呼吸，说明气道未完全阻塞，此时不应立即进行腹部冲击，以免造成不必要的伤害。只有当患者无法发声、呼吸困难、嘴唇发紫或失去意识时，才应迅速采取海姆立克急救法。此外，对于孕妇或肥胖者，新版指南建议将手的位置从腹部移至胸部中央（即胸骨下半段），采用胸部冲击代替传统腹部冲击，以提高安全性和有效性。对于婴儿（1岁以下），则继续推荐使用背部拍击与胸部按压交替的方法，而非腹部冲击。专家提醒，公众在学习急救技能时，应参加正规培训课程，并定期复习，以确保在紧急情况下能正确施救。掌握最新版的海姆立克急救法，不仅能提升施救成功率，也能最大限度减少二次伤害风险。
Recently, the American Heart Association (AHA) has issued important updates to the guidelines for performing the Heimlich Maneuver. The revised recommendations emphasize that before administering abdominal thrusts, rescuers should first encourage the choking victim to cough forcefully. If the person can still cough, speak, or breathe, their airway is not completely blocked, and abdominal thrusts should be avoided to prevent unnecessary injury. Abdominal thrusts should only be performed when the victim cannot make sounds, shows signs of severe breathing difficulty, turns blue, or loses consciousness.Additionally, for pregnant individuals or those who are obese, the updated guidelines advise placing hands on the center of the chest (lower half of the sternum) and delivering chest thrusts instead of traditional abdominal thrusts to enhance both safety and effectiveness. For infants under one year old, the recommended approach remains alternating back blows and chest compressions—abdominal thrusts are not advised.Experts stress the importance of receiving formal first-aid training and regularly refreshing these skills to ensure correct application during emergencies. Staying informed about the latest Heimlich Maneuver protocols not only improves rescue success rates but also minimizes the risk of causing further harm.
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