近日，中国人民银行正式发布《数字人民币研发与应用行动方案》，标志着我国在法定数字货币领域迈出关键一步。该方案明确了数字人民币的定位为由国家信用背书、具有法偿性的数字形式现金（M0），旨在提升支付系统的效率、安全性和普惠性。行动方案提出，将稳步推进试点范围扩大，涵盖更多城市、场景和人群，并加强技术基础设施建设，确保系统稳定可靠。同时，方案强调保护用户隐私与数据安全，采用‘可控匿名’机制，在反洗钱、反恐融资等合规要求下平衡隐私与监管需求。此外，央行还将推动数字人民币在跨境支付中的探索，助力人民币国际化进程。整体来看，该行动方案不仅为数字人民币的全面推广奠定制度基础，也为全球央行数字货币（CBDC）发展提供了中国方案。
Recently, the People’s Bank of China officially released the ‘Action Plan for the Research, Development, and Application of Digital RMB,’ marking a critical step in China’s advancement in central bank digital currency (CBDC). The plan defines the digital RMB as a legal tender backed by state credit, functioning as a digital form of cash (M0), aiming to enhance the efficiency, security, and inclusiveness of the payment system. It outlines a phased expansion of pilot programs to more cities, use cases, and user groups, alongside strengthening technical infrastructure to ensure system stability and reliability. Emphasizing user privacy and data security, the plan adopts a ‘controllable anonymity’ approach—balancing individual privacy with regulatory compliance in areas such as anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing. Furthermore, the PBOC will explore the use of digital RMB in cross-border payments to support the internationalization of the Chinese currency. Overall, this action plan not only lays an institutional foundation for the nationwide rollout of digital RMB but also offers a Chinese model for global CBDC development.
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