近年来，美国频繁退出多个国际组织与多边协议，如《巴黎气候协定》、世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）以及《伊朗核协议》等，引发全球对多边主义前景的担忧。这种‘退群’行为削弱了以规则为基础的国际秩序，降低了全球治理的协调效率。一方面，美国作为全球超级大国，其缺席使关键议题如气候变化、公共卫生、核不扩散等缺乏强有力的领导与资源支持；另一方面，也促使欧盟、中国等其他力量尝试填补治理真空，推动多极化合作机制。然而，替代性机制尚难完全取代美国在资金、技术与制度影响力方面的角色。总体而言，美国的大规模‘退群’不仅损害了自身国际信誉，也加剧了全球治理体系的碎片化与不确定性，长远来看不利于应对跨国性挑战。
In recent years, the United States has repeatedly withdrawn from key international organizations and multilateral agreements—such as the Paris Climate Agreement, the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, and the Iran Nuclear Deal—raising global concerns about the future of multilateralism. These ‘group-quitting’ actions have weakened the rules-based international order and reduced the effectiveness of global governance coordination. On one hand, as a global superpower, U.S. absence deprives critical issues like climate change, public health, and nuclear non-proliferation of strong leadership and essential resources. On the other hand, it has prompted other actors—such as the European Union and China—to step in and fill the governance vacuum, fostering more multipolar cooperation frameworks. However, these emerging mechanisms still struggle to fully replace the U.S. role in terms of financial contributions, technological capacity, and institutional influence. Overall, America’s large-scale withdrawals not only damage its own international credibility but also accelerate the fragmentation and uncertainty of global governance, ultimately hindering collective responses to transnational challenges.
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