近期一项研究发现，短期的饥饿或热量限制可能有助于增强抗肿瘤治疗的效果。科学家在动物模型和部分临床试验中观察到，在接受化疗或免疫治疗前进行短暂禁食（通常为24至72小时），可使正常细胞进入一种‘保护性休眠’状态，而癌细胞由于代谢异常无法适应这种应激环境，从而更容易被药物杀死。此外，禁食还能降低体内胰岛素和IGF-1（胰岛素样生长因子-1）水平，这两种激素与肿瘤生长密切相关。研究还表明，热量限制可改善免疫系统功能，增强T细胞对肿瘤的识别和攻击能力。不过，专家强调，此类干预措施必须在专业医生指导下进行，尤其对于体重偏低或营养不良的癌症患者，盲目禁食可能适得其反。目前，相关研究仍处于探索阶段，尚需更多大规模临床试验验证其安全性和有效性。未来，科学家希望将‘代谢干预’与传统疗法结合，开发出更精准、副作用更小的癌症治疗策略。
Recent research suggests that short-term fasting or caloric restriction may enhance the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Scientists have observed in animal models and early clinical trials that brief fasting—typically 24 to 72 hours before chemotherapy or immunotherapy—can place healthy cells into a protective, low-metabolism state, while cancer cells, due to their abnormal metabolism, struggle to adapt to this stress and become more vulnerable to treatment. Additionally, fasting reduces levels of insulin and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), hormones closely linked to tumor growth. Caloric restriction has also been shown to boost immune function, improving T cells’ ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. However, experts caution that such interventions must be conducted under medical supervision, as unsupervised fasting could be harmful—especially for cancer patients who are already underweight or malnourished. Current evidence remains preliminary, and larger clinical trials are needed to confirm both safety and efficacy. Looking ahead, researchers hope to integrate metabolic interventions like fasting with conventional therapies to develop more precise and less toxic cancer treatment strategies.
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