近日，美国加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森（Gavin Newsom）在一次公开讲话中批评部分欧洲领导人对全球安全挑战态度软弱，称其为“软骨头”（soft on defense）。此番言论主要针对一些欧洲国家在应对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰、中国崛起以及气候变化等跨国议题上的立场。纽森强调，面对日益复杂的地缘政治局势，民主国家必须展现出更强的团结与决心，而非回避责任或采取模糊立场。作为美国人口最多、经济规模最大的州之一，加州虽无外交权，但纽森近年来频繁就国际事务发声，试图提升加州在全球气候政策、科技合作和人权议题上的影响力。他指出，欧洲部分国家在国防开支上长期低于北约设定的GDP 2%目标，削弱了跨大西洋联盟的整体威慑力。此外，他还呼吁欧美加强在清洁能源、人工智能监管和供应链安全等领域的协调。尽管纽森的言论引发部分欧洲政界人士不满，认为其越权干涉外交事务，但也有分析指出，这反映了美国地方领导人日益增长的国际参与意愿。在全球化时代，次国家行为体（如州政府、城市）正成为国际治理的重要补充力量。
Recently, California Governor Gavin Newsom publicly criticized certain European leaders as being “soft on defense,” accusing them of showing weakness in addressing global security challenges. His remarks primarily targeted the positions of some European countries regarding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, China’s rising influence, and transnational issues like climate change. Newsom emphasized that democratic nations must demonstrate greater unity and resolve in the face of increasingly complex geopolitical dynamics, rather than shirking responsibility or adopting ambiguous stances.Although California—home to the largest population and economy among U.S. states—has no formal foreign policy authority, Governor Newsom has increasingly voiced opinions on international affairs in recent years, aiming to elevate California’s global influence on climate policy, tech cooperation, and human rights. He pointed out that several European nations have consistently spent less than the NATO target of 2% of GDP on defense, weakening the collective deterrence of the transatlantic alliance. He also called for stronger U.S.-European coordination on clean energy, AI regulation, and supply chain security.While Newsom’s comments drew criticism from some European officials who viewed them as overreach into foreign policy matters, analysts note they reflect a growing trend of subnational actors—such as state governments and cities—playing an expanded role in global governance in the era of globalization.
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