2024年7月，古巴政府宣布进入‘战争状态’（Estado de Guerra），这一举措并非源于实际军事冲突，而是应对美国长期经济封锁及近期制裁加剧所采取的紧急政治与法律手段。根据古巴宪法，‘战争状态’是一种特殊法律状态，允许政府在面临外部威胁时调动国家资源、加强安全措施并限制部分公民权利。古巴官方强调，此举旨在强化国家主权、维护社会稳定，并动员全民应对由美国制裁导致的严重经济困难，包括能源短缺、通货膨胀和基本物资匮乏。值得注意的是，古巴并未与任何国家处于实际交战状态，‘战争状态’更多是一种象征性与防御性的政治宣言，用以凝聚国内共识、争取国际支持，并向美国施压。该决定也反映出古巴在地缘政治紧张局势下对国家安全战略的重新评估。国际社会对此反应不一，部分拉美国家表示理解，而西方国家则呼吁通过对话缓解紧张关系。
In July 2024, the Cuban government declared a ‘state of war’ (Estado de Guerra). This measure does not stem from an actual armed conflict but is a legal and political response to the prolonged U.S. economic embargo and recent intensified sanctions. Under Cuba’s constitution, a ‘state of war’ is a special legal status that enables the government to mobilize national resources, enhance security measures, and temporarily restrict certain civil liberties in the face of external threats. Cuban authorities emphasized that this move aims to safeguard national sovereignty, maintain social stability, and rally public support to confront severe economic hardships—including energy shortages, inflation, and scarcity of essential goods—largely attributed to U.S. sanctions. Notably, Cuba is not engaged in any active military conflict; the declaration is primarily symbolic and defensive, intended to unify domestic opinion, garner international solidarity, and exert pressure on the United States. The decision also reflects Cuba’s reassessment of its national security strategy amid rising geopolitical tensions. The international response has been mixed, with some Latin American nations expressing understanding, while Western countries have urged dialogue to ease tensions.
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