近日，青岛多地地面出现一层细小透明的冰晶，引发市民关注。气象专家指出，这种现象并非普通霜冻或冰雹，而是被称为“霰”（xiàn）的固态降水形式。霰是由过冷水滴在高空迅速冻结形成的白色不透明冰粒，直径通常在2至5毫米之间，质地松脆，落地易碎。与冰雹不同，霰多出现在冬季或初春的强对流天气中，常伴随降雪或降雨出现。青岛此次出现的霰，是在冷空气南下、低空湿度较大的条件下形成的。当云层中的水滴遇到低于0℃的空气时迅速冻结，并在下落过程中不断碰撞、凝结，最终以霰的形式降落到地面。由于其外观类似小冰珠，常被误认为是冰雹或霜，但霰的形成机制和物理特性均有明显区别。了解这一自然现象有助于公众更准确地识别天气变化，提升防灾减灾意识。
Recently, tiny transparent ice crystals appeared on the ground in various parts of Qingdao, drawing public attention. Meteorological experts clarified that this phenomenon is neither ordinary frost nor hail, but a type of solid precipitation known as ‘graupel.’ Graupel forms when supercooled water droplets freeze rapidly onto falling snowflakes or ice nuclei in the atmosphere, creating soft, opaque ice pellets typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter. Unlike hail, which forms in strong thunderstorms during warmer months, graupel commonly occurs in winter or early spring during convective weather and often accompanies snow or rain. In Qingdao’s case, graupel developed under conditions of cold air moving southward combined with high humidity near the surface. As cloud droplets encountered sub-zero air, they froze instantly and aggregated through collisions during descent, eventually reaching the ground as graupel. Due to its resemblance to small ice beads, graupel is often mistaken for hail or frost; however, its formation process and physical properties are distinctly different. Understanding such natural phenomena helps the public better interpret weather changes and enhances awareness of disaster preparedness.
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