随着中国新能源汽车产业的迅猛发展，早期投入市场的动力电池正逐步进入生命周期末期。据行业预测，2025年前后，中国将迎来动力电池的大规模集中退役潮。首批在2014—2016年装车的动力电池，设计寿命通常为5—8年，现已陆续达到报废标准。这不仅对资源回收和环境保护提出严峻挑战，也催生了庞大的梯次利用与回收再制造市场。目前，中国已出台多项政策推动动力电池全生命周期管理，鼓励建立“生产—使用—回收—再生”闭环体系。然而，回收网络尚不完善、技术标准不统一、企业资质参差不齐等问题仍制约行业发展。未来，构建高效、绿色、规范的动力电池回收体系，将成为支撑新能源汽车可持续发展的关键环节。
With the rapid growth of China’s new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, the first wave of traction batteries installed in early models is now approaching the end of its service life. Industry forecasts indicate that China will face a large-scale wave of battery retirements around 2025. Batteries deployed between 2014 and 2016—typically designed with a lifespan of 5 to 8 years—are now reaching their end-of-life thresholds. This trend presents significant challenges for resource recovery and environmental protection, while simultaneously creating substantial opportunities in battery repurposing (second-life applications) and recycling markets. In response, China has introduced multiple policies to promote full lifecycle management of power batteries, aiming to establish a closed-loop system encompassing production, use, recycling, and regeneration. However, obstacles remain, including an underdeveloped collection network, inconsistent technical standards, and varying levels of enterprise qualifications. Building an efficient, green, and standardized battery recycling infrastructure will be crucial to ensuring the sustainable development of China’s NEV sector.
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