近年来，我国持续加码核聚变研究，背后有多重战略考量。首先，核聚变被视为未来清洁能源的终极解决方案，其燃料来源丰富（如海水中的氘）、反应过程几乎不产生放射性废物，且安全性远高于核裂变。在全球碳中和目标加速推进的背景下，掌握可控核聚变技术意味着在能源革命中占据先机。其次，核聚变涉及等离子体物理、超导磁体、材料科学等多个尖端领域，其研发能带动高端制造业与基础科研的整体跃升。我国已建成EAST（全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置）并多次刷新等离子体运行时间纪录，同时积极参与国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）计划。此外，2023年我国启动“聚变工程实验堆（CFETR）”建设规划，目标是在2035年前后建成示范堆，为商业化铺路。这一系列举措不仅彰显了我国对能源自主与科技自立的高度重视，也体现了在全球科技竞争中抢占未来制高点的战略意图。
In recent years, China has significantly intensified its investment in nuclear fusion research, driven by multiple strategic considerations. First, nuclear fusion is widely regarded as the ultimate solution for clean energy—its fuel (such as deuterium from seawater) is abundant, it produces virtually no radioactive waste, and it is far safer than nuclear fission. As global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality accelerate, mastering controlled fusion technology positions a nation at the forefront of the energy revolution. Second, fusion research spans cutting-edge fields including plasma physics, superconducting magnets, and advanced materials, thereby catalyzing breakthroughs across high-end manufacturing and fundamental science. China has already built the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak), repeatedly setting world records for plasma confinement duration, and actively participates in the international ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) project. Moreover, in 2023, China launched plans for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), aiming to construct a demonstration reactor by around 2035 as a critical step toward commercialization. These initiatives not only underscore China’s commitment to energy independence and technological self-reliance but also reflect its strategic ambition to secure a leading role in the global race for future technologies.
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