中国商用二氧化碳发电技术的突破具有重大战略意义。所谓二氧化碳发电，通常指超临界二氧化碳（sCO₂）布雷顿循环发电系统，它利用处于超临界状态的二氧化碳作为工质驱动涡轮机发电。相比传统蒸汽轮机，该技术效率更高、设备更紧凑、启动更快，特别适用于核能、太阳能热发电及工业余热回收等领域。2023年，中国成功建成全球首个5兆瓦级商用超临界二氧化碳发电示范项目，标志着我国在这一前沿能源技术领域走在世界前列。这项技术不仅有助于提升能源利用效率、降低碳排放，还能推动高端装备制造和新型电力系统建设。长远来看，sCO₂发电有望成为实现‘双碳’目标（碳达峰、碳中和）的关键支撑技术之一。此外，该技术对保障国家能源安全、促进绿色低碳转型、增强国际科技竞争力也具有深远影响。随着成本下降与产业链成熟，未来或将在分布式能源、舰船动力甚至航空航天等多个场景广泛应用。
China’s breakthrough in commercial carbon dioxide power generation technology holds significant strategic importance. This so-called CO₂-based power generation typically refers to the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton cycle system, which uses CO₂ in a supercritical state as the working fluid to drive a turbine for electricity production. Compared to conventional steam turbines, this technology offers higher efficiency, more compact equipment, and faster startup times—making it especially suitable for nuclear energy, concentrated solar power, and industrial waste heat recovery.In 2023, China successfully commissioned the world’s first 5-megawatt commercial-scale sCO₂ power demonstration plant, marking its leadership in this cutting-edge energy field. The technology not only enhances energy efficiency and reduces carbon emissions but also drives advancements in high-end equipment manufacturing and next-generation power systems. In the long term, sCO₂ power generation could become a key enabler of China’s ‘dual carbon’ goals—carbon peak and carbon neutrality.Moreover, this innovation has far-reaching implications for national energy security, green transition, and global technological competitiveness. As costs decline and the supply chain matures, sCO₂ systems may find broad applications in distributed energy, marine propulsion, and even aerospace sectors.
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