近日，国际刑事法院（ICC）前首席检察官路易斯·莫雷诺·奥坎波（Luis Moreno Ocampo）公开表示，美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普在2020年下令刺杀伊朗高级将领苏莱曼尼的行为可能构成‘侵略罪’。根据《罗马规约》，侵略罪是指一国使用武力侵犯另一国主权、领土完整或政治独立的行为，且该行为须由国家领导人策划或实施。奥坎波指出，此次空袭未经联合国授权，也未面临迫在眉睫的威胁，因此不符合自卫原则，涉嫌违反国际法。尽管美国并非ICC缔约国，且曾对ICC官员实施制裁以阻止其调查，但奥坎波强调，国际社会应坚持法治原则，任何国家领导人都不应凌驾于法律之上。此言论引发广泛讨论，支持者认为这是对强权政治的必要制衡，批评者则质疑ICC的管辖权和政治中立性。无论如何，这一表态再次将国际刑事司法与大国政治之间的张力推至前台。
Recently, former chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno Ocampo, publicly stated that former U.S. President Donald Trump’s 2020 order to assassinate Iranian General Qasem Soleimani may constitute a ‘crime of aggression.’ Under the Rome Statute, the crime of aggression involves the use of armed force by one state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another, when such action is planned or executed by a national leader. Ocampo argued that the airstrike was neither authorized by the United Nations nor justified by an imminent threat, thus failing to meet the criteria for self-defense under international law. Although the United States is not a party to the ICC and has previously imposed sanctions on ICC officials to block investigations, Ocampo emphasized that the rule of law must prevail and no leader should be above it. His remarks have sparked intense debate: supporters view it as a necessary check on power politics, while critics question the ICC’s jurisdiction and political neutrality. Regardless, this statement once again highlights the tension between international criminal justice and great-power politics.
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