近日，有技术监测数据显示，委内瑞拉自主研发的首颗卫星‘米兰达星’（Miranda）所播发的卫星导航信号已不再具备定位功能。该卫星于2012年由中国协助发射，原计划用于通信、遥感及初步的导航试验。然而，由于长期缺乏维护、轨道衰减以及地面支持系统老化，其导航载荷目前已无法提供有效定位服务。值得注意的是，委内瑞拉并未建立完整的卫星导航系统（如GPS或北斗），‘米兰达星’仅搭载了实验性质的导航信号发生器，并非真正意义上的导航卫星。因此，此次信号失效对全球或区域导航服务影响甚微，更多体现为该国在航天能力建设方面面临的挑战。专家指出，维持一颗具备导航功能的卫星运行，不仅需要稳定的轨道控制和精准的时间同步系统，还需配套的地面监测与数据处理设施。对于资源受限的发展中国家而言，独立运营此类系统难度极大。未来，委内瑞拉若希望发展自主导航能力，可能仍需依赖国际合作或转向使用成熟的全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）服务。
Recent technical monitoring data indicates that the satellite navigation signal transmitted by Venezuela’s first domestically developed satellite, ‘Miranda,’ has lost its positioning capability. Launched in 2012 with Chinese assistance, Miranda was originally intended for communications, remote sensing, and preliminary navigation experiments. However, due to prolonged lack of maintenance, orbital decay, and aging ground support infrastructure, its navigation payload can no longer provide valid positioning services.It should be noted that Venezuela has never established a full-scale satellite navigation system akin to GPS or BeiDou. The Miranda satellite only carried an experimental navigation signal generator and was not a true navigation satellite. Therefore, the loss of its signal has minimal impact on global or regional navigation services, but rather highlights the challenges Venezuela faces in developing space capabilities.Experts point out that maintaining a functional navigation satellite requires stable orbit control, precise time synchronization, and robust ground-based monitoring and data processing facilities. For resource-constrained developing nations, independently operating such systems remains extremely difficult. If Venezuela wishes to pursue autonomous navigation capabilities in the future, it will likely need to rely on international cooperation or adopt existing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) services.
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