近日，财政部表示，2025年将推动相关公共服务‘随人走’改革，旨在提升财政资源配置效率，更好保障人口流动背景下的基本公共服务供给。所谓‘公共服务随人走’，是指财政资金支持的教育、医疗、养老等基本公共服务，不再仅仅依据户籍或行政区划分配，而是根据实际常住人口规模和需求进行动态调整。这一举措有助于解决长期以来因人口流动导致的‘人财分离’问题，使财政投入更精准对接群众实际需要。当前，我国城镇化持续推进，大量人口向城市群、中心城市集聚，但部分地区的财政资源仍按户籍人口配置，造成资源错配。例如，一些流入地公共服务压力大却资金不足，而流出地则可能出现资源闲置。推动‘随人走’机制，意味着财政转移支付、专项补助等将更多考虑常住人口因素，强化‘钱随人走、服务随人走’的导向。财政部强调，此举是深化财税体制改革、推进基本公共服务均等化的重要步骤。未来还将完善配套制度，如健全人口统计监测体系、优化转移支付办法等，确保政策落地见效，切实增强人民群众的获得感与公平感。
Recently, China’s Ministry of Finance announced that in 2025 it will advance reforms to ensure public services ‘follow the people,’ aiming to improve the efficiency of fiscal resource allocation and better guarantee access to essential public services amid population mobility. The concept of ‘services following the people’ means that fiscal funding for basic public services—such as education, healthcare, and elderly care—will no longer be allocated solely based on household registration (hukou) or administrative boundaries, but instead adjusted dynamically according to the actual size and needs of the resident population.As urbanization continues and large populations migrate toward city clusters and major urban centers, many regions still allocate fiscal resources based on registered residents, leading to mismatches. For instance, destination cities face heavy service demands but insufficient funding, while origin areas may experience underutilized resources. The new mechanism will tie fiscal transfers and targeted subsidies more closely to resident population data, reinforcing the principle that ‘funding and services should follow people.’The Ministry emphasized that this reform is a key step in deepening fiscal and tax system reforms and promoting equitable access to basic public services. Future efforts will include strengthening supporting systems—such as improving population monitoring and refining intergovernmental transfer mechanisms—to ensure effective implementation and enhance public satisfaction and fairness.
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