专家指出，以下四类老年人应定期进行空腹血糖筛查，以早期发现糖尿病或糖尿病前期风险。第一类是年龄超过65岁的老年人，随着年龄增长，胰岛功能逐渐减退，血糖调节能力下降；第二类是有糖尿病家族史的人群，遗传因素在糖尿病发病中起重要作用；第三类是超重或肥胖的老人，尤其是腹部脂肪堆积明显者，这类人群更容易出现胰岛素抵抗；第四类是患有高血压、高血脂或心血管疾病等慢性病的老年人，这些疾病常与糖代谢异常共存。专家建议，上述人群应至少每年检测一次空腹血糖，必要时还需进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），以便及时干预、控制病情发展。通过早期筛查和生活方式调整，可显著降低糖尿病及其并发症的发生风险，提高晚年生活质量。
Experts emphasize that the following four groups of older adults should undergo regular fasting blood glucose screening to detect diabetes or prediabetes early. First are individuals aged 65 and above, as pancreatic function declines with age, reducing the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar. Second are those with a family history of diabetes, since genetics play a significant role in disease development. Third are older adults who are overweight or obese—particularly those with excess abdominal fat—as they are more prone to insulin resistance. Fourth are seniors with chronic conditions such as hypertension, high cholesterol, or cardiovascular disease, which often coexist with impaired glucose metabolism. Experts recommend that these individuals get their fasting blood glucose tested at least once a year, and if necessary, also undergo an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for more accurate assessment. Early detection, combined with lifestyle modifications, can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes and its complications, thereby improving quality of life in later years.
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