近年来，日本安保政策正经历自二战结束以来最深刻的结构性转变。2022年12月，日本政府通过《国家安全保障战略》《国家防卫战略》和《防卫力整备计划》三份关键文件，标志着其安保理念从“专守防卫”向“能动性威慑”转型。新政策明确提出发展“反击能力”（即对敌基地攻击能力），大幅增加国防预算至GDP的2%，并强化与美、澳、英等国的安全合作。这一系列举措打破了长期以来受和平宪法第九条约束的“被动防御”传统，被视为日本战后安保政策的颠覆性转折。尽管政府强调此举旨在应对朝鲜导弹威胁及地区安全环境恶化，但其扩军动向也引发邻国对日本军事化回潮的担忧。总体而言，日本正从“和平主义国家”逐步转向具备主动防御乃至先制打击能力的“正常军事国家”，其影响将深远重塑东亚安全格局。
In recent years, Japan’s security policy has undergone its most profound structural transformation since the end of World War II. In December 2022, the Japanese government adopted three key documents—the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, and the Defense Buildup Program—marking a strategic shift from ‘exclusively defense-oriented policy’ to ‘proactive deterrence.’ The new framework explicitly endorses acquiring ‘counterstrike capabilities’ (i.e., the ability to strike enemy bases), commits to raising defense spending to 2% of GDP, and deepens security cooperation with the U.S., Australia, the U.K., and other allies. These measures break from Japan’s long-standing postwar tradition of passive defense constrained by Article 9 of its pacifist constitution, representing a paradigm shift in its security posture. While the government justifies this move as necessary to counter North Korean missile threats and a deteriorating regional security environment, neighboring countries have expressed concerns over Japan’s potential remilitarization. Overall, Japan is gradually transitioning from a pacifist state into a ‘normal military power’ capable of proactive and even preemptive defense, a development poised to significantly reshape East Asia’s security landscape.
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