近年来，随着全球对稀土资源战略价值的认知不断提升，越南正积极加入这场被称为“稀土战争”的国际竞争。越南拥有约2200万吨的稀土储量，位居世界第二，仅次于中国。其加入“稀土战争”的动机主要源于经济、地缘政治和产业多元化三方面。首先，稀土是制造高科技产品（如智能手机、电动汽车、风力涡轮机和军事装备）的关键原材料。通过开发本国稀土资源，越南有望吸引外资、推动本土制造业升级，并减少对低端代工的依赖。其次，在中美科技与供应链博弈加剧的背景下，越南希望借助稀土资源提升自身在全球供应链中的战略地位，成为西方国家“去风险化”战略中的关键一环。最后，越南政府正积极推动经济结构转型，稀土产业被视为实现高附加值出口和能源转型的重要抓手。尽管越南目前稀土开采和加工技术尚不成熟，环保和基础设施也面临挑战，但其丰富的资源储备和地缘优势使其成为全球稀土格局中不可忽视的新力量。
In recent years, as global awareness of the strategic value of rare earth elements (REEs) has grown, Vietnam is actively entering what is often called the ‘rare earth war.’ With an estimated 22 million tons of rare earth reserves—the second-largest in the world after China—Vietnam’s motivations for joining this competition stem from economic development, geopolitical positioning, and industrial diversification.First, rare earths are critical components in high-tech products such as smartphones, electric vehicles, wind turbines, and military equipment. By developing its domestic rare earth resources, Vietnam aims to attract foreign investment, upgrade its manufacturing sector, and reduce reliance on low-value contract manufacturing. Second, amid intensifying U.S.-China tech and supply chain rivalry, Vietnam seeks to leverage its rare earth assets to elevate its role in global supply chains, positioning itself as a key partner in Western ‘de-risking’ strategies. Finally, the Vietnamese government is actively pursuing economic restructuring, viewing the rare earth industry as a vital lever for achieving high-value exports and supporting its energy transition goals.Although Vietnam currently faces challenges in extraction and processing technologies, environmental regulations, and infrastructure, its abundant reserves and strategic location make it an emerging and significant player in the global rare earth landscape.
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