热射病是中暑中最严重的一种类型，可导致多器官功能衰竭甚至死亡。在高温高湿环境下，有三类人群尤其需要警惕热射病的发生。第一类是老年人。随着年龄增长，老年人体温调节能力下降，对高温的感知和适应能力减弱，且常伴有慢性疾病或服用影响体温调节的药物，使其更容易发生热射病。第二类是户外工作者，如建筑工人、环卫工人、快递员等。他们长时间暴露在烈日下进行高强度体力劳动，大量出汗导致体液和电解质流失，若补水不及时，极易引发热射病。第三类是儿童，尤其是婴幼儿。他们的体温调节中枢尚未发育完全，体表面积相对较大，散热效率低，在高温环境中更易蓄热。此外，被遗忘在密闭车厢内的儿童也面临极高风险。预防热射病的关键在于避免长时间暴露于高温环境、及时补充水分与电解质、注意休息，并关注高危人群的身体状况。一旦出现高热、意识模糊、抽搐等症状，应立即就医。
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness and can lead to multi-organ failure or even death. Three groups of people are particularly vulnerable and should remain especially vigilant during hot and humid weather.First are older adults. With age, their ability to regulate body temperature declines, and they often have reduced sensitivity to heat. Additionally, many suffer from chronic illnesses or take medications that impair thermoregulation, increasing their risk of heat stroke.Second are outdoor workers, such as construction laborers, sanitation staff, and delivery personnel. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight combined with intense physical exertion causes significant fluid and electrolyte loss through sweating. Without timely rehydration, they are at high risk of developing heat stroke.Third are children, especially infants. Their thermoregulatory systems are not fully developed, and their relatively larger body surface area makes heat dissipation less efficient. Moreover, children accidentally left in closed vehicles face an extremely high risk due to rapidly rising interior temperatures.Preventing heat stroke involves avoiding prolonged exposure to high temperatures, staying hydrated with water and electrolytes, taking regular breaks, and closely monitoring at-risk individuals. Immediate medical attention is essential if symptoms such as high fever, confusion, or seizures occur.
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