近期，有媒体报道称前美国总统特朗普曾提出所谓“新五常”构想，意指重组联合国安理会常任理事国结构，纳入美国、英国、法国、印度和以色列等国家，以取代现有包括中国、俄罗斯在内的部分成员。然而，这一说法缺乏官方文件或特朗普本人明确表态的支持，更多是基于其过往对国际组织持批评态度的推测。从现实角度看，“新五常”计划可行性极低。首先，《联合国宪章》规定安理会常任理事国的变更需经全体成员国三分之二多数通过，并获得现有五个常任理事国一致同意——这意味着中俄等国拥有否决权，几乎不可能批准削弱自身地位的改革。其次，该提议忽视了全球地缘政治的多元性，将以色列等非传统大国纳入，可能引发阿拉伯国家及广大发展中国家的强烈反对。此外，联合国改革历来复杂缓慢，涉及权力再分配，各国利益难以协调。总体而言，所谓“特朗普的新五常”更像是一种政治修辞或舆论试探，而非可操作的外交政策。在当前多极化趋势加强的国际格局下，单边主导的设想已难以为继。
Recently, some media reports have suggested that former U.S. President Donald Trump once floated the idea of a so-called ‘New P5’—a proposal to restructure the UN Security Council’s permanent membership by including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, India, and Israel, potentially replacing current members like China and Russia. However, there is no official documentation or clear public statement from Trump confirming this plan; it appears largely speculative, based on his past criticisms of international institutions.In reality, the feasibility of such a ‘New P5’ proposal is extremely low. First, amendments to the UN Charter require approval by two-thirds of all UN member states and the unanimous consent of the current five permanent Security Council members—meaning China and Russia hold veto power and would almost certainly block any reform diminishing their status. Second, the proposal overlooks global geopolitical diversity; including countries like Israel could provoke strong opposition from Arab states and the broader Global South. Moreover, UN reform has historically been slow and complex, involving delicate negotiations over power redistribution among nations with divergent interests.Overall, Trump’s alleged ‘New P5’ concept seems more like political rhetoric or a trial balloon than a viable diplomatic initiative. In today’s increasingly multipolar world order, unilateral attempts to reshape global governance are unlikely to succeed.
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