今年流感为何如此‘凶’？专家指出，多重因素共同导致了本轮流感的高发与重症风险上升。首先，过去几年因新冠疫情防控措施（如佩戴口罩、减少聚集等）有效抑制了流感病毒传播，人群对流感的自然免疫力有所下降。随着防疫政策优化，社会活动全面恢复，病毒传播机会大幅增加。其次，今冬流行的甲型H1N1和H3N2流感病毒株毒力较强，且部分毒株发生抗原漂移，使得既往疫苗的保护效果减弱。此外，冬季低温干燥的气候有利于病毒在空气中存活和传播，加之人们更多时间待在密闭室内，进一步加剧了感染风险。值得注意的是，儿童、老年人及慢性病患者等高危人群更容易发展为重症。因此，专家建议及时接种最新流感疫苗、保持良好卫生习惯（如勤洗手、戴口罩、通风），并在出现高热、持续咳嗽等症状时尽早就医，避免延误治疗。
Why is this year’s flu season so severe? Experts point to a combination of factors driving the surge in flu cases and increased risk of severe illness. First, stringent COVID-19 prevention measures over the past few years—such as mask-wearing and reduced social gatherings—significantly curbed flu transmission, leading to lower population-level immunity against influenza. With the relaxation of pandemic restrictions and a return to normal social activities, opportunities for viral spread have surged. Second, the dominant circulating strains this winter—Influenza A H1N1 and H3N2—are particularly virulent, and some have undergone antigenic drift, reducing the effectiveness of previous vaccines. Additionally, cold, dry winter weather helps the virus survive longer in the air, while people spending more time indoors in poorly ventilated spaces further facilitates transmission. Notably, high-risk groups such as young children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic conditions are more prone to developing severe complications. Health authorities therefore recommend getting the updated seasonal flu vaccine promptly, practicing good hygiene (e.g., frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and ensuring indoor ventilation), and seeking medical care early if symptoms like high fever or persistent cough appear.
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