国家公祭日是中国为纪念在南京大屠杀中遇难的同胞而设立的法定纪念日，定于每年12月13日。2014年，第十二届全国人大常委会第七次会议正式通过决定，将12月13日设立为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日。这一举措旨在铭记历史、缅怀逝者、珍爱和平、警示未来。南京大屠杀是第二次世界大战期间最严重的战争暴行之一，1937年12月13日，侵华日军攻占南京后，对无辜平民及战俘进行了长达六周的大规模屠杀、强奸、抢劫和纵火，造成超过30万中国同胞遇难。国家公祭日不仅表达了中国人民对死难者的深切哀悼，也彰显了维护历史真相、捍卫人类尊严与和平的坚定立场。每年这一天，全国会举行庄重的纪念活动，包括默哀、献花、鸣响警报等，提醒人们勿忘国耻、珍视和平。
National Memorial Day in China is a statutory day of remembrance established to honor the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, observed annually on December 13. In 2014, the Standing Committee of the 12th National People’s Congress officially designated this date as the National Memorial Day for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre. The purpose is to remember history, mourn the deceased, cherish peace, and draw lessons for the future. The Nanjing Massacre was one of the gravest wartime atrocities of World War II. On December 13, 1937, after Japanese invading forces captured Nanjing, they carried out six weeks of mass killings, rapes, looting, and arson against defenseless civilians and prisoners of war, resulting in the deaths of more than 300,000 Chinese people. The National Memorial Day not only expresses the Chinese people’s profound grief for the victims but also reaffirms China’s firm commitment to upholding historical truth, human dignity, and global peace. Each year on this day, solemn commemorative activities—such as moments of silence, flower offerings, and air-raid sirens—are held nationwide to remind people never to forget this national tragedy and to value peace.
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