近日，土耳其外交部长哈坎·菲丹呼吁俄罗斯与乌克兰采取必要措施，共同保障黑海地区的航行安全。这一表态是在黑海航运持续受到冲突影响、多国商船遭遇袭击或扣押的背景下作出的。作为连接黑海与地中海的唯一通道，博斯普鲁斯海峡和达达尼尔海峡由土耳其根据1936年《蒙特勒公约》控制通行权。该公约赋予土耳其在战时限制军舰通行的权利，因此土耳其在黑海局势中扮演着关键的地缘政治角色。自2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来，黑海粮食走廊一度中断，严重冲击全球粮食供应链。尽管2022年7月曾达成《黑海谷物倡议》，但在2023年俄方退出后，航运风险再度上升。土耳其强调，确保民用船只安全通行不仅关乎地区稳定，也直接影响全球经济与人道主义援助。土方表示愿继续斡旋，推动双方建立临时海上停火机制或设立安全航道。分析人士指出，土耳其此举既体现其作为北约成员国对区域安全的责任担当，也彰显其通过外交手段提升国际影响力的策略。未来，黑海航行安全能否改善，将取决于俄乌双方的政治意愿以及包括土耳其在内的国际社会协调努力。
Recently, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan called on Russia and Ukraine to take necessary measures to jointly ensure navigation safety in the Black Sea. This statement comes amid ongoing disruptions to maritime traffic caused by the conflict, with numerous commercial vessels having been attacked or detained. Turkey controls access to the Black Sea through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits—the only passage connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean—under the 1936 Montreux Convention, which grants Turkey the right to restrict the passage of warships during wartime, giving it a pivotal geopolitical role in the region.Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022, the Black Sea grain corridor has been repeatedly disrupted, severely impacting global food supply chains. Although the Black Sea Grain Initiative was brokered in July 2022, Russia’s withdrawal in 2023 led to renewed risks for shipping. Turkey stressed that ensuring the safe passage of civilian vessels is not only vital for regional stability but also directly affects the global economy and humanitarian aid deliveries. Ankara expressed its willingness to continue mediating efforts to establish temporary maritime ceasefires or designated safe corridors.Analysts note that Turkey’s move reflects both its responsibility as a NATO member in regional security and its strategic aim to enhance its international influence through diplomacy. The future of navigation safety in the Black Sea will ultimately depend on the political will of Russia and Ukraine, as well as coordinated efforts by the international community, including Turkey.
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