近期，关于明太祖朱元璋‘鞋拔子脸’画像在教材中被替换的事件引发广泛关注。传统流传的朱元璋画像多呈现其面部狭长、下巴突出，形似‘鞋拔子’，这一形象长期出现在历史教材与民间传说中。然而，近年来部分新版教材开始采用更接近常人相貌的画像，引发公众对历史真实性与图像来源的讨论。事实上，现存朱元璋画像存在两种截然不同的风格：一种为官方正统肖像，面容端正、威严庄重；另一种则为民间流传的‘异相’画像，强调其‘龙颜奇骨’以彰显天命所归。学者普遍认为，‘鞋拔子脸’画像可能源于明代中后期民间对帝王神秘化的艺术加工，并非真实容貌。现代史学界更倾向于采用宫廷档案中的标准画像作为教学依据，以还原历史人物的真实形象。此次教材换图并非否定历史，而是基于学术研究进展所做的合理调整，旨在引导学生以科学态度看待历史图像，区分艺术想象与史实。这也体现了历史教育不断追求准确性和严谨性的进步方向。
Recently, the replacement of the traditional ‘shoe-horn face’ portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, in school textbooks has drawn widespread public attention. The widely circulated historical image depicts Zhu with an elongated face and a protruding chin—resembling a shoe horn—a portrayal long featured in history textbooks and folk tales. However, some newly revised textbooks have begun using a more conventional-looking portrait, sparking debates about historical accuracy and the origins of these images.In fact, two distinct styles of Zhu Yuanzhang’s portraits exist: one is the official court portrait, showing a dignified and balanced facial structure; the other is a folk version emphasizing unusual features to symbolize his divine mandate as a ruler. Scholars generally agree that the ‘shoe-horn’ depiction likely emerged during the mid-to-late Ming period as a form of artistic myth-making rather than a faithful likeness. Modern historians favor the official court portraits for educational use, aiming to present a more historically accurate representation.This textbook revision is not a denial of history but a scholarly update based on current research. It encourages students to critically distinguish between artistic interpretation and historical fact, reflecting the ongoing commitment of history education to accuracy and rigor.
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