2023年3月20日，泰国国会下议院正式解散，标志着该国即将举行新一届大选。根据泰国宪法规定，下议院任期为四年，本届议会自2019年选举产生后已接近任期尾声。此次解散由总理巴育·占奥差依据宪法第103条提请国王批准，随后国王玛哈·哇集拉隆功正式签署解散令。下议院解散后，选举委员会须在45天内确定大选日期，预计新一届大选将于2023年5月举行。此次解散被视为泰国政治过渡的重要节点。自2014年军事政变以来，泰国长期处于军方主导的政治格局中，而2019年大选虽恢复民选政府，但执政联盟仍由前军政府核心人物主导。本次大选将首次全面适用2017年宪法下的选举制度，包括参议院250席全部由军方委任（至2024年），对总理人选仍有投票权，因此备受国内外关注。主要政党如为泰党、前进党等已积极筹备竞选，民众对经济复苏、民主改革及王室制度改革等议题高度关注。下议院解散不仅开启选举程序，也象征着泰国政治走向新一轮博弈与调整。
On March 20, 2023, Thailand’s House of Representatives was officially dissolved, paving the way for a new general election. Under the Thai Constitution, the House serves a four-year term, and the current legislature—elected in 2019—was nearing its expiration. Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha invoked Article 103 of the Constitution to request royal approval for dissolution, which King Vajiralongkorn subsequently granted. Following dissolution, the Election Commission must set a polling date within 45 days, with the general election expected in May 2023.This dissolution marks a critical juncture in Thailand’s political transition. Since the 2014 military coup, the country has operated under a military-influenced political framework. Although the 2019 election restored a nominally civilian government, the ruling coalition remained dominated by former junta leaders. The upcoming election will be the first held entirely under the 2017 Constitution, which includes a fully appointed 250-member Senate—selected by the military until 2024—that retains voting power in selecting the Prime Minister, drawing significant domestic and international attention.Major parties such as Pheu Thai and Move Forward have already begun active campaign preparations. Key public concerns include economic recovery, democratic reforms, and potential changes to the monarchy’s role. The dissolution not only initiates the electoral process but also signals a new phase of political realignment and competition in Thailand.
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