李清都在文章《人形机器人上岗得过两道关》中指出，人形机器人要实现大规模应用需突破两大核心挑战：技术关与伦理关。技术方面，机器人需具备高度灵活的运动控制、精准的环境感知及复杂决策能力，目前仍在稳定性、能耗和成本上存在瓶颈；伦理方面，则涉及就业替代、隐私安全以及人机关系等社会议题，需建立合理的法律与道德框架。只有兼顾技术创新与社会共识，人形机器人才能真正融入人类生活，成为可持续的生产力伙伴。
In his article ‘Humanoid Robots Must Pass Two Key Barriers to Enter the Workforce,’ Li Qingdu highlights that large-scale adoption of humanoid robots requires overcoming two major challenges: technological and ethical hurdles. Technologically, robots need highly flexible motion control, accurate environmental perception, and complex decision-making abilities, but currently face limitations in stability, energy consumption, and cost. Ethically, issues such as job displacement, privacy security, and human-robot relationships demand the establishment of sound legal and moral frameworks. Only by balancing technological innovation with social consensus can humanoid robots truly integrate into human life and become sustainable productive partners.
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