2024年日本众议院选举战正式打响，标志着日本政治格局即将迎来关键转折。根据日本宪法规定，众议院拥有比参议院更高的立法优先权，且内阁总理大臣（首相）通常由众议院多数党领袖担任。因此，本次选举不仅关乎各政党在国会中的席位分布，更直接影响岸田文雄政府的执政稳定性和政策走向。当前执政联盟由自民党和公明党组成，但近年来因经济复苏乏力、物价上涨及政治丑闻频发，民众支持率持续下滑。在野党如立宪民主党、日本维新会等则试图借机扩大影响力，提出包括改善民生、改革官僚体系和推动绿色能源等政策主张。此外，选民对少子老龄化、地方振兴以及外交安全等议题的关注度也显著上升。值得注意的是，此次选举采用小选区与比例代表并行制，共设465个席位。若执政联盟未能守住过半数（233席），岸田政权或将面临提前下台风险。分析人士普遍认为，本次选战不仅是对现行政策的全民公投，也将为日本未来数年的内政外交定调。
Japan’s House of Representatives election campaign officially kicked off in 2024, marking a pivotal moment for the nation’s political landscape. Under Japan’s constitution, the House of Representatives holds greater legislative authority than the House of Councillors, and the Prime Minister is typically the leader of the majority party in the lower house. Thus, this election not only determines the distribution of parliamentary seats but also directly affects the stability and policy direction of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s administration.The current ruling coalition consists of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito. However, public support has steadily declined due to sluggish economic recovery, rising inflation, and recurring political scandals. Opposition parties—including the Constitutional Democratic Party and Nippon Ishin no Kai—are seizing this opportunity to expand their influence, advocating policies focused on improving livelihoods, reforming the bureaucracy, and advancing renewable energy. Voter concerns over issues such as aging demographics, regional revitalization, and national security have also intensified.Notably, the election employs a mixed electoral system combining single-member districts and proportional representation, with a total of 465 seats up for grabs. If the ruling coalition fails to secure at least 233 seats—the majority threshold—Kishida’s government could face an early collapse. Analysts widely view this election as both a referendum on current policies and a decisive factor shaping Japan’s domestic and foreign agenda for years to come.
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