近日，印度部分地区再次报告尼帕病毒（Nipah virus）感染病例，引发公众关注。尼帕病毒是一种由果蝠传播的高致病性人畜共患病毒，最早于1998年在马来西亚被发现，此后在孟加拉国和印度多次暴发。该病毒可通过直接接触感染者体液、受污染食物（如被蝙蝠唾液污染的椰枣汁）或与携带病毒的动物接触传播。感染者初期症状包括发热、头痛、肌肉疼痛，严重者可发展为脑炎、昏迷甚至死亡，病死率高达40%至75%。当地卫生部门已启动应急响应机制，隔离患者并追踪密切接触者。医生提醒公众保持警惕：避免饮用未经煮沸的生椰枣汁，不要接触疑似患病的动物，尤其是蝙蝠和猪；注意个人卫生，勤洗手；若出现不明原因高热、意识模糊等症状，应立即就医并告知旅行史。目前尚无特效药或疫苗，治疗以支持性护理为主。专家呼吁加强监测和公众教育，以遏制疫情扩散。
Recently, several regions in India have reported new cases of Nipah virus infection, raising public concern. The Nipah virus is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus transmitted primarily by fruit bats. First identified in Malaysia in 1998, it has since caused multiple outbreaks in Bangladesh and India. Transmission occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals, consumption of contaminated food (such as raw date palm sap tainted by bat saliva), or contact with infected animals. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle pain; severe cases can progress to encephalitis, coma, and even death, with a fatality rate ranging from 40% to 75%.Local health authorities have activated emergency response protocols, isolating patients and tracing close contacts. Doctors urge the public to remain vigilant: avoid consuming unpasteurized raw date palm sap, refrain from contact with potentially infected animals—especially bats and pigs—and maintain good personal hygiene, including frequent handwashing. Anyone experiencing unexplained high fever, confusion, or neurological symptoms should seek medical care immediately and disclose recent travel history. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available; care is primarily supportive. Experts emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance and public awareness to prevent further spread.
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