近日，世界卫生组织（WHO）警告称，尼帕病毒（Nipah virus）具有引发全球大流行的潜在风险，已将其列为优先研究和开发应对措施的病原体之一。尼帕病毒最早于1999年在马来西亚被发现，主要通过果蝠传播，也可经由受感染的动物（如猪）或人与人之间传播。该病毒可导致严重呼吸道疾病和致命性脑炎，致死率高达40%至75%。目前尚无获批的疫苗或特效药物，治疗主要依赖支持性护理。世卫组织指出，随着气候变化、森林砍伐和人类活动范围扩大，人类与野生动物接触日益频繁，增加了新型病毒外溢的风险。尼帕病毒在南亚地区曾多次暴发，尤其在孟加拉国和印度，部分病例显示存在有限的人传人能力，引发公共卫生专家高度警惕。为防范未来可能的大流行，世卫正推动加快疫苗研发、加强监测系统及提升各国应急响应能力。专家呼吁国际社会加大对高危病原体的研究投入，以构建更具韧性的全球卫生防御体系。
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that the Nipah virus poses a potential risk of triggering a global pandemic and has listed it among priority pathogens requiring urgent research and development of countermeasures. First identified in Malaysia in 1999, the Nipah virus is primarily transmitted by fruit bats and can also spread through infected animals—such as pigs—or from person to person. The virus causes severe respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis, with a case fatality rate ranging from 40% to 75%. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or specific antiviral treatments; care remains supportive.WHO highlights that climate change, deforestation, and expanding human encroachment into wildlife habitats are increasing human-wildlife interactions, raising the risk of viral spillover events. Outbreaks have occurred repeatedly in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh and India, with some cases demonstrating limited human-to-human transmission—raising significant concern among public health experts. To prepare for a potential future pandemic, WHO is accelerating vaccine development, strengthening surveillance systems, and enhancing national emergency response capacities. Experts urge the global community to increase investment in research on high-threat pathogens to build a more resilient global health defense system.
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