2020年11月4日，美国正式退出《巴黎协定》，成为迄今为止唯一一个退出该全球气候协议的国家。《巴黎协定》于2015年达成，旨在将全球平均气温升幅控制在工业化前水平以上2℃以内，并努力限制在1.5℃以内。美国前总统特朗普于2017年宣布退出意向，理由是该协定对美国经济不公平，损害了其能源产业利益。根据协定规定，退出程序最早可在2019年11月启动，并需一年时间完成，因此实际退出日期为2020年11月4日。美国作为全球第二大碳排放国，其退出引发了国际社会对全球气候治理前景的担忧。不过，拜登政府在2021年1月上台后迅速采取行动，重新加入《巴黎协定》，并于2021年2月19日正式恢复缔约方身份。这一进一出凸显了美国国内政治对气候政策的重大影响，也反映出全球气候合作仍面临不确定性。尽管如此，《巴黎协定》的多边框架依然具有韧性，大多数国家继续致力于减排目标，推动绿色低碳转型。
On November 4, 2020, the United States officially withdrew from the Paris Agreement, becoming the only country to date to exit this global climate accord. Adopted in 2015, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global average temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to cap it at 1.5°C. Former U.S. President Donald Trump announced the intention to withdraw in 2017, arguing that the agreement imposed unfair economic burdens and harmed U.S. energy interests. Under the agreement’s terms, the earliest possible withdrawal date was November 4, 2019, with a one-year notice period, making the actual exit effective on November 4, 2020.As the world’s second-largest carbon emitter, the U.S. withdrawal raised international concerns about the future of global climate governance. However, shortly after taking office in January 2021, President Joe Biden moved swiftly to rejoin the agreement, and the U.S. formally resumed its status as a party on February 19, 2021. This brief exit and re-entry highlighted how domestic politics significantly shape U.S. climate policy and underscored ongoing uncertainties in global climate cooperation. Nevertheless, the multilateral framework of the Paris Agreement has shown resilience, with most countries continuing to commit to emission reduction targets and advancing the transition toward a green, low-carbon future.
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