近日，中国国家疾病预防控制局宣布将尼帕病毒（Nipah virus）正式纳入国家传染病监测体系。这一举措旨在加强对高致病性人畜共患病的早期预警和防控能力。尼帕病毒是一种由果蝠传播的RNA病毒，可通过直接接触感染动物（如猪）或其分泌物、食用被污染的食物（如生椰枣汁）以及人际传播等方式感染人类。该病毒致死率高达40%至75%，目前尚无特效药物或疫苗获批使用。世界卫生组织已将其列为优先研究的病原体之一。中国此次将其纳入监测范围，意味着各级疾控机构将对疑似病例、相关动物宿主及高风险地区开展常态化监测，并加强实验室检测能力建设与应急响应机制。此举不仅有助于防范输入性疫情风险，也体现了中国在全球新发传染病防控合作中的积极姿态。专家提醒公众，应避免接触野生动物、不饮用未经处理的生椰枣汁，并注意个人卫生，以降低感染风险。
Recently, China’s National Disease Control and Prevention Administration announced the official inclusion of Nipah virus into the national infectious disease surveillance system. This move aims to strengthen early warning and prevention capabilities against highly pathogenic zoonotic diseases. Nipah virus is an RNA virus primarily carried by fruit bats and can infect humans through direct contact with infected animals (such as pigs) or their secretions, consumption of contaminated food (like raw date palm sap), or human-to-human transmission. The virus has a high fatality rate ranging from 40% to 75%, and there are currently no approved specific antiviral treatments or vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed it as a priority pathogen for research and development. By incorporating Nipah virus into its surveillance framework, China will implement routine monitoring of suspected cases, animal reservoirs, and high-risk regions, while enhancing laboratory diagnostic capacity and emergency response mechanisms. This step not only helps mitigate the risk of imported outbreaks but also reflects China’s proactive role in global cooperation on emerging infectious disease control. Experts advise the public to avoid contact with wild animals, refrain from consuming untreated raw date palm sap, and maintain good personal hygiene to reduce infection risks.
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