近年来，科学家在分子合成领域取得突破性进展，成功实现了‘可控技术下的原子精度骨架编辑’。所谓‘骨架编辑’，是指对有机分子核心碳骨架进行精准的原子级修改，例如插入、删除或替换特定原子，从而改变分子的基本结构和功能。传统合成方法往往依赖多步反应，难以实现对复杂分子骨架的直接、高效改造。而新型可控技术，如过渡金属催化、光催化或电化学策略，结合计算化学与人工智能辅助设计，使得在单个分子水平上进行精确编辑成为可能。例如，研究人员已能在药物分子中定点引入氮原子，或将环状结构中的碳原子替换为硼原子，显著优化其药理性质。这种原子级操控不仅提升了合成效率，还为新药研发、材料科学和基础化学研究开辟了全新路径。未来，随着技术的进一步成熟，‘按需定制’分子结构或将成为现实，推动化学合成进入‘原子经济’与‘精准制造’的新时代。
In recent years, scientists have achieved a breakthrough in molecular synthesis by realizing ‘controllable, atomic-precision skeletal editing.’ Skeletal editing refers to the precise, atom-level modification of the core carbon framework of organic molecules—such as inserting, deleting, or substituting specific atoms—to fundamentally alter their structure and function. Traditional synthetic methods often rely on multi-step reactions and struggle to directly and efficiently remodel complex molecular skeletons. However, emerging controllable techniques—such as transition-metal catalysis, photocatalysis, or electrochemical strategies—combined with computational chemistry and AI-assisted molecular design, now enable precise editing at the single-molecule level. For instance, researchers have successfully inserted nitrogen atoms at specific sites in drug molecules or replaced carbon atoms in cyclic structures with boron, significantly enhancing pharmacological properties. This atomic-level control not only improves synthetic efficiency but also opens new avenues for drug discovery, materials science, and fundamental chemical research. As these technologies mature, the vision of ‘on-demand’ molecular design may soon become a reality, ushering in a new era of ‘atom economy’ and ‘precision manufacturing’ in chemical synthesis.
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