美国对伊朗实施的“极限施压”政策，始于特朗普政府时期，其核心是通过严厉的经济制裁、外交孤立和军事威慑，迫使伊朗在核问题、地区影响力及导弹计划等方面做出重大让步。这一策略的深层企图在于重塑中东地缘政治格局，削弱伊朗作为地区大国的影响力，同时巩固美国及其盟友（如以色列和沙特）在该地区的主导地位。从经济角度看，美国试图切断伊朗的石油出口和金融通道，使其经济陷入困境，从而激发内部不满，甚至推动政权更迭。从战略层面看，美国希望借此遏制伊朗支持的“抵抗轴心”（包括黎巴嫩真主党、也门胡塞武装等），防止其扩大在中东的势力范围。此外，美国还意图通过施压迫使伊朗重返谈判桌，接受一个比2015年《伊核协议》更为严苛的新协议。然而，“极限施压”并未达到预期效果。伊朗不仅未屈服，反而逐步突破伊核协议限制，加速铀浓缩活动，并加强与中俄等国的合作。同时，该政策加剧了地区紧张局势，引发多起军事对峙，损害了美国在国际社会中的道义形象。因此，这一策略更多体现的是美国单边主义的霸权逻辑，而非真正寻求和平与稳定。
The U.S. ‘maximum pressure’ campaign against Iran, initiated during the Trump administration, centers on imposing severe economic sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and military deterrence to compel Tehran to make major concessions on its nuclear program, regional influence, and missile development. The underlying objective is to reshape the Middle East’s geopolitical landscape by weakening Iran’s role as a regional power and reinforcing the dominance of the U.S. and its allies—particularly Israel and Saudi Arabia.Economically, the U.S. aims to cripple Iran’s oil exports and cut off its access to the global financial system, triggering domestic unrest and potentially fostering regime change. Strategically, Washington seeks to contain Iran’s so-called ‘Axis of Resistance’—including Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen—and prevent Tehran from expanding its regional footprint. Additionally, the U.S. hopes to force Iran back to negotiations under terms far more restrictive than the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).However, the ‘maximum pressure’ strategy has largely failed to achieve its goals. Instead of capitulating, Iran has incrementally breached JCPOA limits, accelerated uranium enrichment, and deepened cooperation with China and Russia. Moreover, the policy has heightened regional tensions, triggered military standoffs, and damaged America’s moral standing internationally. Ultimately, this approach reflects a unilateralist, hegemonic mindset rather than a genuine pursuit of peace and stability.
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