近年来，欧盟在美俄地缘政治博弈中处境日益复杂。一方面，美国不断施压盟友在对华政策上保持一致，强调“去风险”而非“脱钩”；另一方面，俄罗斯因乌克兰危机与西方彻底对立，使欧洲安全形势高度紧张。在此背景下，尽管中欧在经贸、气候变化等领域存在广泛合作空间，但欧盟并未选择全面转向对华合作，原因主要有三：首先，欧盟在安全上高度依赖美国主导的北约体系，难以在战略上独立于美国；其次，欧盟内部对华认知存在分歧，部分成员国担忧中国技术、投资带来的安全与制度性风险；第三，欧盟试图通过“战略自主”构建自身全球角色，既不愿完全追随美国遏制中国，也不愿过度依赖中国，而是寻求在中美之间维持平衡。因此，欧盟更倾向于采取“多向结盟”策略，在不同议题上分别与美、中、俄等方互动，以维护其利益和价值观，而非简单选边站队。
In recent years, the European Union has found itself in an increasingly complex position amid the geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Russia. On one hand, the U.S. continues to pressure its allies to align on China policy, advocating ‘de-risking’ rather than ‘decoupling.’ On the other hand, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has led to a complete rupture with the West, heightening Europe’s security concerns. Despite significant potential for cooperation with China in trade, climate change, and other areas, the EU has not opted for a comprehensive strategic partnership with Beijing. Three main reasons explain this stance: First, the EU remains heavily reliant on the U.S.-led NATO for its security, limiting its strategic autonomy. Second, member states hold divergent views on China, with some expressing concerns over technological dependence, investment risks, and systemic competition. Third, the EU is pursuing ‘strategic autonomy’—aiming to carve out its own global role without fully aligning with either Washington or Beijing. As a result, the EU favors a ‘multi-alignment’ approach, engaging selectively with the U.S., China, and Russia on different issues to safeguard its interests and values, rather than choosing sides in a binary geopolitical contest.
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