近年来，美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普因其频繁退出国际组织和多边协议而备受关注。从退出《巴黎气候协定》、世界卫生组织（WHO），到退出联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）和人权理事会，特朗普政府的“退群”行为被广泛解读为对多边主义的否定。有分析指出，特朗普并非完全反对国际合作，而是希望构建一个由美国主导、更符合其国家利益的“小联合国”——即一个精简、高效、以美国价值观为核心的联盟体系。这种“选择性多边主义”强调双边关系优先、减少对国际规则的依赖，并通过施压盟友承担更多成本来实现“美国优先”目标。尽管此举短期内可能强化美国的谈判筹码，但长期来看，削弱了其在全球治理中的领导力与信誉。拜登政府上台后虽试图重返部分国际组织，但特朗普若再次执政，其“小联合国”构想或将继续影响美国外交走向。
In recent years, former U.S. President Donald Trump has drawn widespread attention for repeatedly withdrawing from international organizations and multilateral agreements. From exiting the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization (WHO) to leaving UNESCO and the UN Human Rights Council, Trump’s ‘group-quitting’ behavior has been widely interpreted as a rejection of multilateralism. Analysts suggest that Trump does not oppose international cooperation per se, but rather seeks to build a ‘mini United Nations’—a streamlined, efficient alliance system led by the U.S. and aligned with its national interests and values. This form of ‘selective multilateralism’ prioritizes bilateral relations, reduces reliance on international rules, and pressures allies to shoulder more costs under the banner of ‘America First.’ While this approach may strengthen U.S. bargaining power in the short term, it risks eroding America’s global leadership and credibility in the long run. Although the Biden administration has sought to rejoin several international bodies, should Trump return to office, his vision of a ‘mini UN’ could continue to shape U.S. foreign policy.
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