自20世纪70年代末以来，伊朗长期受到国际制裁，尤其是自2006年起因核问题遭到联合国、美国和欧盟等多轮严厉经济制裁。这些制裁严重限制了伊朗的石油出口、金融交易和国际贸易，导致其货币大幅贬值、通货膨胀飙升、外汇储备锐减。此外，战争威胁（如两伊战争及地区冲突）也加剧了伊朗的安全压力和军费开支，进一步挤压民生支出。尽管伊朗政府采取进口替代、加强与非西方国家合作等应对措施，但经济结构单一、技术落后和外部孤立仍使其发展受限。近年来，随着《联合全面行动计划》（伊核协议）的签署与反复波折，制裁时松时紧，使伊朗经济难以稳定复苏。总体而言，战争风险与持续制裁不仅削弱了伊朗的经济活力，也深刻影响了其社会民生与国际地位。
Since the late 1970s, Iran has faced prolonged international sanctions, particularly stringent economic measures imposed by the United Nations, the United States, and the European Union since 2006 over its nuclear program. These sanctions have severely restricted Iran’s oil exports, financial transactions, and access to global trade, leading to a sharp devaluation of its currency, soaring inflation, and a dramatic decline in foreign exchange reserves. Additionally, the threat of war—such as the Iran-Iraq War and ongoing regional conflicts—has heightened security concerns and increased military spending, further straining public resources meant for social welfare. Although the Iranian government has responded with import substitution policies and strengthened ties with non-Western countries, structural economic weaknesses, technological backwardness, and international isolation continue to hinder development. In recent years, the signing and subsequent instability of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal, have led to fluctuating sanctions, preventing sustained economic recovery. Overall, the combination of war risks and persistent sanctions has significantly weakened Iran’s economic vitality and profoundly impacted its social well-being and global standing.
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