近年来，美国频繁退出多个国际组织和多边协议，引发全球关注。从退出《巴黎气候协定》、世界卫生组织（WHO），到退出联合国人权理事会、伊朗核协议等，这种‘退群’行为被外界视为单边主义和‘美国优先’政策的体现。那么，美国批量‘退群’图什么？首先，特朗普政府时期强调‘美国优先’，认为部分国际协议对美国不利，损害其经济利益或主权。例如，退出《巴黎协定》的理由是该协议对美国能源产业造成负担；退出WHO则被指为转移国内疫情应对不力的责任。其次，通过退出机制施压盟友或对手，以重新谈判更有利的条款，也是美国的一种策略。此外，部分退群行为还带有国内政治考量，旨在迎合特定选民群体，巩固执政基础。然而，这种做法也带来负面影响：削弱美国在全球治理中的领导力，损害盟友信任，并可能助长其他国家的单边倾向。拜登政府上台后虽重返部分协议，但美国外交的不确定性已对国际秩序造成深远影响。总体而言，美国‘退群’既是战略调整，也是内政与外交交织的产物，其长期后果仍待观察。
In recent years, the United States has repeatedly withdrawn from international organizations and multilateral agreements, drawing global attention. From exiting the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization (WHO) to leaving the UN Human Rights Council and the Iran nuclear deal, this wave of ‘group-quitting’ is widely seen as a manifestation of unilateralism and the ‘America First’ policy. But what does the U.S. hope to achieve through these withdrawals?First, during the Trump administration, the ‘America First’ doctrine emphasized that certain international agreements were unfavorable to U.S. economic interests or sovereignty. For instance, the U.S. cited burdens on its energy sector as justification for leaving the Paris Agreement, while its WHO withdrawal was partly aimed at deflecting blame for its domestic pandemic response failures. Second, withdrawing can serve as leverage to pressure allies or adversaries into renegotiating more favorable terms. Additionally, some exits are driven by domestic political considerations—to appeal to specific voter bases and strengthen electoral support.However, such actions have downsides: they erode U.S. leadership in global governance, damage trust among allies, and may encourage other nations to adopt similarly unilateral approaches. Although the Biden administration has rejoined several agreements, the unpredictability of U.S. foreign policy has already left a lasting impact on the international order. Overall, America’s ‘group-quitting’ reflects both strategic recalibration and the complex interplay between domestic politics and foreign policy—with long-term consequences still unfolding.
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