近年来，美国陆续退出多个国际组织和多边协议，累计已达66个。这一趋势始于特朗普政府时期，并在某些领域延续至今。这些退出行为涵盖联合国教科文组织、世界卫生组织（后又重返）、巴黎气候协定、伊朗核协议、人权理事会等重要机构与协议。美国的退出不仅削弱了其在全球治理中的领导力，也对多边主义体系造成冲击。一方面，这反映了美国国内政治对全球参与的怀疑态度，强调“美国优先”；另一方面，也让其他国家不得不重新评估对美合作的可靠性。此外，美国的缺席可能为其他大国（如中国、欧盟）在国际事务中发挥更大作用创造空间。总体而言，频繁退出国际组织虽短期内可能迎合部分国内选民诉求，但长期来看，将损害美国的国际信誉与软实力，并加剧全球治理体系的碎片化。值得注意的是，并非所有退出都具永久性——例如拜登政府上台后已重返部分协议。然而，这种“进进出出”的策略本身也传递出政策不稳定信号，影响国际合作的连续性与可预测性。
In recent years, the United States has withdrawn from approximately 66 international organizations and multilateral agreements—a trend that began under the Trump administration and has continued in certain areas. These withdrawals include major bodies and accords such as UNESCO, the World Health Organization (later rejoined), the Paris Climate Agreement, the Iran nuclear deal, and the UN Human Rights Council. Such actions have not only weakened U.S. leadership in global governance but also dealt a blow to the multilateral system. On one hand, this reflects growing domestic skepticism toward international engagement and a focus on ‘America First’ policies; on the other, it forces other nations to reassess the reliability of U.S. partnerships. Moreover, America’s absence may create opportunities for other powers—such as China and the European Union—to play larger roles in global affairs. While these withdrawals may satisfy certain domestic political constituencies in the short term, they risk long-term damage to U.S. credibility, soft power, and the coherence of the global governance architecture.It’s worth noting that not all exits are permanent—some agreements were reinstated under the Biden administration. However, this pattern of repeatedly entering and exiting international commitments sends signals of policy instability, undermining the continuity and predictability essential for effective international cooperation.
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