近年来，随着各国对太空战略价值的重新认识，一场围绕‘太空算力’的新军备竞赛悄然拉开帷幕。所谓‘太空算力’，是指部署在卫星或空间平台上的高性能计算能力，用于实时处理遥感数据、自主导航、人工智能决策等关键任务。传统上，卫星依赖地面站进行数据回传与处理，存在延迟高、带宽受限等问题。而将算力前置至轨道，可显著提升响应速度与系统自主性，尤其在军事侦察、导弹预警、电子对抗等场景中具有决定性优势。美国已率先推进‘战术边缘计算’项目，SpaceX、洛克希德·马丁等企业正开发具备AI推理能力的智能卫星。中国也在‘十四五’规划中明确提出发展天基智能信息处理系统，并成功试验了多颗搭载国产AI芯片的试验卫星。俄罗斯、欧盟等亦加快布局，意图在下一代太空基础设施中占据先机。这场‘太空算力军备赛’不仅关乎技术领先，更涉及未来战争形态的主导权。谁能在近地轨道部署高效、可靠、抗干扰的智能计算节点，谁就可能掌握‘制天权’。然而，这也带来新的安全风险与战略不稳定因素，亟需国际社会建立相应的规范与对话机制。
In recent years, as nations reassess the strategic value of space, a new arms race centered on ‘space-based computing power’ has quietly begun. ‘Space computing power’ refers to high-performance computing capabilities deployed on satellites or orbital platforms, enabling real-time processing of remote sensing data, autonomous navigation, and AI-driven decision-making—critical functions previously hampered by reliance on ground stations, which suffer from latency and bandwidth constraints. By moving computation into orbit, response times and system autonomy are dramatically enhanced, offering decisive advantages in military reconnaissance, missile early warning, and electronic warfare.The United States has taken the lead with initiatives like ‘Tactical Edge Computing,’ with companies such as SpaceX and Lockheed Martin developing AI-capable smart satellites. China’s 14th Five-Year Plan explicitly calls for advancing space-based intelligent information processing systems, and it has already tested multiple experimental satellites equipped with domestic AI chips. Russia and the European Union are also accelerating their efforts to secure a foothold in next-generation space infrastructure.This emerging ‘space computing arms race’ is not just about technological supremacy—it’s about shaping the future of warfare. Whoever dominates low Earth orbit with efficient, resilient, and interference-resistant intelligent computing nodes may gain ‘space dominance.’ Yet this trend also introduces new security risks and strategic instability, underscoring the urgent need for international norms and dialogue mechanisms.
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