2020年7月，美国政府正式通知联合国，宣布将退出世界卫生组织（WHO），该决定于2021年7月6日正式生效。这一举措源于时任总统特朗普对世卫组织在新冠疫情初期应对不力的批评，指责其‘偏袒中国’并管理不善。美国作为世卫组织最大资金捐助国之一，其退出引发了国际社会对全球公共卫生合作前景的担忧。然而，2021年1月拜登就任美国总统后，立即签署行政命令撤销退出决定，宣布美国将重新加入世卫组织，并恢复缴纳会费。此举被视为美国重返多边主义、重建全球卫生领导力的重要信号。尽管如此，美国此前的退出行为仍对世卫组织的资金运作和国际信任造成了一定冲击。总体而言，美国退出又重返世卫组织的过程，反映了其外交政策在单边主义与多边合作之间的摇摆，也凸显了全球公共卫生治理体系在政治因素影响下的脆弱性。
In July 2020, the U.S. government formally notified the United Nations of its intention to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO), with the exit taking effect on July 6, 2021. This decision stemmed from then-President Donald Trump’s criticism of the WHO’s handling of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, accusing the organization of being biased toward China and mismanaged. As one of the WHO’s largest financial contributors, the U.S. withdrawal raised global concerns about the future of international public health cooperation.However, shortly after taking office in January 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order reversing the withdrawal and announced the U.S. would rejoin the WHO and resume payment of its assessed contributions. This move was widely seen as a signal of America’s return to multilateralism and its commitment to restoring leadership in global health.Overall, the U.S.’s brief departure from and subsequent return to the WHO reflects the volatility of its foreign policy between unilateralism and multilateral engagement, and underscores the fragility of the global public health governance system under political pressures.
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