近日，德国权威经济研究机构发布报告指出，受美国贸易政策不确定性、地缘政治紧张局势以及全球供应链重构等多重因素影响，德国企业对美投资和出口正呈现明显下滑趋势。数据显示，2023年德国对美直接投资同比下降近20%，对美出口额也连续两个季度减少。报告分析认为，美国近年来推行的《通胀削减法案》（IRA）等产业政策虽旨在吸引外资，但其本地化要求和补贴偏向本土企业，反而削弱了包括德国在内的欧洲企业的竞争力。此外，欧美在绿色转型、数字监管等领域的政策分歧也在加剧企业运营成本与合规风险。许多德企开始重新评估其在美战略布局，部分企业已将投资重心转向亚洲或回流欧洲本土。专家警告，若美欧经贸关系持续紧张，不仅将影响双边经济合作，也可能对全球产业链稳定构成挑战。德国政府呼吁加强跨大西洋对话，推动建立更公平、透明的国际贸易规则，以维护德国及欧盟企业的长期利益。
A recent report from a leading German economic research institute indicates that German companies’ investments in and exports to the United States are significantly declining, driven by factors such as uncertainty surrounding U.S. trade policies, geopolitical tensions, and the ongoing restructuring of global supply chains. Data shows that German direct investment in the U.S. fell by nearly 20% year-on-year in 2023, with exports to the U.S. also decreasing for two consecutive quarters. The report attributes this trend partly to U.S. industrial policies like the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which, despite aiming to attract foreign investment, include localization requirements and subsidies favoring domestic firms—thereby weakening the competitiveness of European, including German, businesses. Additionally, growing policy divergences between the U.S. and Europe on issues like green transition and digital regulation are increasing operational costs and compliance risks for German firms. As a result, many are reassessing their U.S. strategies, with some shifting investment focus to Asia or relocating operations back to Europe. Experts warn that prolonged U.S.-EU trade tensions could not only harm bilateral economic cooperation but also destabilize global supply chains. The German government is urging enhanced transatlantic dialogue to establish fairer and more transparent international trade rules that safeguard the long-term interests of German and EU enterprises.
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