2017年12月，特朗普政府发布了其《国家安全战略》（National Security Strategy, NSS）报告，标志着美国对外政策的重大转向。该战略以“有原则的现实主义”（principled realism）为核心理念，强调“美国优先”（America First），主张将国家利益置于全球主义之上。报告将中国和俄罗斯明确界定为“修正主义大国”（revisionist powers），认为它们试图挑战美国主导的国际秩序，并对美国的安全与繁荣构成战略竞争威胁。此外，该战略还突出经济安全即国家安全，强调重振美国制造业、保护知识产权、减少贸易逆差。在军事方面，报告呼吁重建美军优势，应对来自朝鲜、伊朗等“流氓政权”的威胁，并加强网络与太空等新兴领域的防御能力。总体而言，特朗普版国家安全战略摒弃了前任政府强调的多边合作与价值观外交，转而采取更具对抗性和交易性的现实主义路径，反映出其对国际格局深刻变化的认知与回应。
In December 2017, the Trump administration released its National Security Strategy (NSS), marking a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy. Centered on the concept of ‘principled realism,’ the strategy prioritized ‘America First,’ placing national interests above globalism. It explicitly labeled China and Russia as ‘revisionist powers’ seeking to challenge the U.S.-led international order and posing strategic competitive threats to American security and prosperity. The document also emphasized that economic security is national security, calling for revitalizing U.S. manufacturing, protecting intellectual property, and reducing trade deficits. Militarily, it advocated rebuilding American military superiority to counter threats from ‘rogue regimes’ like North Korea and Iran, and strengthening defenses in emerging domains such as cyberspace and space. Overall, the Trump-era NSS departed from previous administrations’ emphasis on multilateral cooperation and values-based diplomacy, adopting instead a more confrontational and transactional realist approach—reflecting the administration’s assessment of a fundamentally changing global landscape.
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