元代著名天文学家郭守敬在13世纪末主持编制《授时历》，这是中国古代最精密的历法之一。他通过改进观测仪器（如简仪、高表等）并组织大规模天文观测，精确测得一回归年的长度为365.2425日，与现代公历（格里高利历）采用的数值完全一致。现代科学测定的回归年长度约为365.2422日，即365天5小时48分45秒。郭守敬的测量结果与之相比，每年仅多出约26秒。这一误差在700多年前的技术条件下堪称奇迹，体现了中国古代天文学的高度成就。《授时历》自1281年起施行，沿用长达364年，是中国历史上使用时间最长的历法。郭守敬的成果不仅推动了中国历法的发展，也对世界天文学史产生了深远影响。
Guo Shoujing, a renowned astronomer of China’s Yuan Dynasty, led the compilation of the Shoushi Calendar in the late 13th century—one of the most accurate calendars in ancient Chinese history. By improving astronomical instruments such as the simplified armillary sphere and high gnomon, and organizing large-scale celestial observations, he precisely calculated the length of a tropical year as 365.2425 days—identical to the value later adopted by the modern Gregorian calendar. Today’s scientific measurement places the tropical year at approximately 365.2422 days (365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 45 seconds). Guo’s result differs from this by only about 26 seconds per year—an astonishingly small error given the technological limitations over 700 years ago. The Shoushi Calendar, implemented in 1281, remained in official use for 364 years, making it the longest-used calendar in Chinese history. Guo Shoujing’s achievements not only advanced Chinese calendrical science but also left a lasting mark on the global history of astronomy.
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