近日，中国科学家在暗物质探测领域取得重要突破——首次直接观测到米格达尔效应（Migdal effect）。该成果由清华大学主导的PandaX合作组在锦屏地下实验室完成，并发表于国际权威物理期刊。米格达尔效应是一种理论预言的现象：当暗物质粒子与原子核发生碰撞时，可能引发原子内壳层电子的电离，从而产生可探测的信号。这一效应虽在1939年由苏联物理学家米格达尔提出，但长期缺乏直接实验证据。此次实验利用高灵敏度液氙探测器，在极低本底环境下成功捕捉到符合米格达尔效应特征的信号，为未来低质量暗物质粒子的探测开辟了新路径。该发现不仅验证了近一个世纪前的理论预言，也显著提升了我国在基础物理前沿研究领域的国际影响力。
Recently, Chinese scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough in dark matter detection by directly observing the Migdal effect for the first time. This milestone was accomplished by the PandaX collaboration, led by Tsinghua University, at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, and has been published in a prestigious international physics journal. The Migdal effect is a theoretically predicted phenomenon: when a dark matter particle collides with an atomic nucleus, it may trigger ionization of inner-shell electrons, producing a detectable signal. Although first proposed by Soviet physicist Arkady Migdal in 1939, direct experimental evidence had remained elusive for decades. Using a highly sensitive liquid xenon detector in an ultra-low-background environment, the team successfully captured signals matching the distinctive signature of the Migdal effect. This observation opens a new pathway for detecting low-mass dark matter particles and not only validates a nearly century-old theoretical prediction but also significantly enhances China’s international standing in fundamental physics research.
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