近日，中国科学技术大学潘建伟院士团队在量子物理领域取得重大突破，首次在实验上证实了87年前由诺贝尔奖得主埃尔温·薛定谔提出的量子力学预言——‘量子导引’（quantum steering）的非局域性特征。这一成果发表于国际顶级学术期刊《自然·物理》，标志着我国在量子基础理论验证方面走在世界前列。1935年，薛定谔在与爱因斯坦关于量子纠缠的讨论中提出“量子导引”概念，指出一个观测者通过对一个粒子的测量，可以瞬间影响远处另一个纠缠粒子的状态，即使两者之间没有直接相互作用。这一现象挑战了经典物理中的局域实在论，但长期以来缺乏直接、无漏洞的实验证据。潘建伟团队利用高精度的光子纠缠源和超低噪声探测技术，在严格满足“类空间隔”条件下完成了实验，成功排除了所有可能的经典解释，首次无漏洞地验证了量子导引的非局域性。该成果不仅深化了人类对量子力学基本原理的理解，也为未来量子通信、量子网络和量子精密测量等技术提供了坚实的理论和实验基础。
Recently, a research team led by Academician Pan Jianwei from the University of Science and Technology of China achieved a major breakthrough in quantum physics by experimentally confirming a prediction made 87 years ago by Nobel laureate Erwin Schrödinger—namely, the nonlocal nature of ‘quantum steering.’ The findings were published in the prestigious international journal Nature Physics, highlighting China’s leading role in testing foundational aspects of quantum mechanics.In 1935, during discussions with Einstein on quantum entanglement, Schrödinger introduced the concept of quantum steering, describing how an observer measuring one particle can instantaneously influence the state of a distant entangled partner—even without any direct interaction between them. This phenomenon challenges classical notions of local realism but had long lacked direct, loophole-free experimental verification.Pan’s team employed high-precision photonic entanglement sources and ultra-low-noise detection techniques to conduct experiments under strict space-like separation conditions. Their results conclusively ruled out all possible classical explanations, providing the first loophole-free confirmation of quantum steering’s nonlocality. This achievement not only deepens our understanding of quantum mechanics’ fundamental principles but also lays a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for future technologies such as quantum communication, quantum networks, and quantum-enhanced metrology.
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