近年来，美国政界和战略界频繁出现‘重返西半球’或‘聚焦美洲’的呼声，这并非简单的地理回归，而是其全球战略调整的重要一环。随着大国竞争加剧，尤其是与中国在亚太、非洲、拉美等地影响力的扩大，美国意识到必须巩固‘后院’——即西半球，特别是拉丁美洲和加勒比地区。这一战略转向背后有多重考量：首先，确保关键矿产、能源等供应链安全，减少对亚洲的依赖；其次，遏制中国通过‘一带一路’等倡议在拉美扩大政治经济影响力；再次，强化北美自贸体系（如USMCA），推动‘近岸外包’（nearshoring），以提升本国制造业韧性。此外，移民、毒品、网络安全等跨国议题也促使美国加强与邻国合作。可以说，‘退回西半球’并非退缩，而是一种更具防御性和区域整合色彩的战略再平衡，旨在构建一个以美国为核心的西半球安全与经济共同体，从而在全球竞争中占据更有利位置。
In recent years, calls within U.S. political and strategic circles to ‘return to the Western Hemisphere’ or ‘focus on the Americas’ have grown louder. This is not merely a geographic shift but a key component of America’s broader global strategic realignment. As great-power competition intensifies—particularly with China expanding its influence across the Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America—the U.S. recognizes the urgent need to solidify its ‘backyard,’ namely Latin America and the Caribbean. Behind this strategic pivot lie several critical motives: first, securing supply chains for vital minerals and energy resources to reduce dependence on Asia; second, countering China’s growing political and economic footprint in the region through initiatives like the Belt and Road; third, strengthening North American trade frameworks (such as USMCA) and promoting ‘nearshoring’ to bolster domestic manufacturing resilience. Additionally, transnational challenges—including migration, drug trafficking, and cybersecurity—necessitate deeper cooperation with neighboring countries. Far from signaling retreat, this ‘return to the Western Hemisphere’ represents a defensive yet integrative rebalancing aimed at forging a U.S.-centered security and economic bloc in the Americas, thereby strengthening America’s position in global strategic competition.
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