2024年，美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普签署了一项关于关键矿产的行政命令，旨在加强美国在战略矿产资源领域的自主性和供应链安全。该命令聚焦于减少对外国——尤其是中国——在稀土、锂、钴等关键矿产上的依赖。这些矿产广泛应用于国防装备、电动汽车、可再生能源设备和高科技电子产品中。命令要求联邦政府加快国内矿产勘探与开采审批流程，推动本土加工能力，并鼓励与盟友建立多元化供应网络。此外，该政策还授权动用《国防生产法》优先支持关键矿产项目，以确保国家在紧急状态下仍能维持关键产业运转。此举被视为美国在全球资源竞争中强化战略自主的重要一步，同时也可能加剧中美在关键原材料领域的地缘经济博弈。
In 2024, former U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on critical minerals aimed at enhancing America’s self-reliance and securing its supply chains for strategically vital resources. The order focuses on reducing dependence—particularly on China—for critical minerals such as rare earth elements, lithium, and cobalt, which are essential for defense systems, electric vehicles, renewable energy infrastructure, and high-tech electronics. It directs federal agencies to expedite permitting for domestic mineral exploration and mining, boost domestic processing capabilities, and foster diversified supply networks with allied nations. Additionally, the policy authorizes the use of the Defense Production Act to prioritize and support critical mineral projects, ensuring the continuity of key industries during national emergencies. This move is widely seen as a significant step toward strengthening U.S. strategic autonomy in global resource competition and may intensify geopolitical and economic rivalry between the U.S. and China over access to critical raw materials.
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