近年来，钙钛矿太阳能电池因其高光电转换效率和低成本制备工艺备受关注。然而，其稳定性差、缺陷密度高等问题限制了实际应用。最新研究发现，一种被称为“分子胶水”的策略可显著提升钙钛矿电池的性能。所谓“分子胶水”，是指一类具有双官能团的小分子添加剂，它们能像胶水一样“粘合”钙钛矿晶体中的缺陷位点，尤其是晶界和表面的未配位铅离子或卤素空位。这些分子不仅钝化缺陷、减少非辐射复合，还能增强薄膜的结晶质量与环境稳定性。例如，某些含羧酸和胺基的分子可通过配位作用同时结合阳离子和阴离子缺陷，形成稳定的交联结构。实验表明，引入这类分子胶水后，钙钛矿电池的光电转换效率可提升至25%以上，且在高温高湿环境下表现出更长的工作寿命。这一策略为解决钙钛矿材料本征不稳定性提供了新思路，有望推动其商业化进程。
In recent years, perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention due to their high power conversion efficiency and low-cost fabrication. However, issues such as poor stability and high defect density have hindered their practical application. Recent studies have revealed that a strategy dubbed ‘molecular glue’ can significantly enhance perovskite solar cell performance. ‘Molecular glue’ refers to small bifunctional molecules that act like adhesive agents, binding to defect sites—particularly uncoordinated lead ions or halide vacancies—at grain boundaries and surfaces of perovskite crystals. These molecules not only passivate defects and suppress non-radiative recombination but also improve film crystallinity and environmental stability. For instance, certain molecules containing both carboxylic acid and amine groups can simultaneously coordinate with cationic and anionic defects, forming stable cross-linked structures. Experiments show that incorporating such molecular glues can boost the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells beyond 25%, while also extending operational lifetime under high temperature and humidity conditions. This approach offers a promising new pathway to address the intrinsic instability of perovskite materials and accelerate their commercialization.
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