俄罗斯近期公开的“榛树”（Oreshnik）导弹是一种新型中程高超音速弹道导弹，据称具备突破现有导弹防御系统的能力。该导弹于2024年首次试射，被视为对西方军事压力的回应，尤其针对美国在欧洲部署的导弹防御体系。“榛树”导弹采用固体燃料推进，射程估计在2000至4500公里之间，可携带常规或核弹头。其最大特点在于高超音速飞行能力与机动变轨技术，使其在再入大气层阶段难以被拦截。此外，该导弹可能基于俄罗斯已有的“伊斯坎德尔”导弹系统改进而来，但尺寸更大、射程更远。俄方强调，“榛树”不违反《中导条约》，因为该条约已于2019年失效，且俄罗斯声称其部署仅用于战略威慑。尽管目前尚无实战记录，但其亮相已引发北约高度关注，被视为俄强化区域打击能力的重要举措。
Russia’s recently unveiled ‘Oreshnik’ (Hazel Tree) missile is a new medium-range hypersonic ballistic missile reportedly capable of penetrating existing missile defense systems. First tested in 2024, it is seen as a response to Western military pressure, particularly targeting U.S. missile defense deployments in Europe. The Oreshnik uses solid-fuel propulsion and has an estimated range of 2,000 to 4,500 kilometers, capable of carrying either conventional or nuclear warheads. Its key features include hypersonic speed and maneuverable trajectory during atmospheric re-entry, making interception extremely difficult. The missile is likely an enlarged and extended-range evolution of Russia’s existing Iskander missile system. Moscow emphasizes that the Oreshnik does not violate the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty—since the treaty lapsed in 2019—and claims its deployment is solely for strategic deterrence. Although it has no combat record yet, its debut has drawn significant attention from NATO, marking it as a critical component of Russia’s enhanced regional strike capabilities.
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