2023年12月，山东威海遭遇罕见特大暴雪，多地积雪深度突破历史极值，部分区域积雪超过70厘米，交通、电力、农业等受到严重影响。这场暴雪之所以如此猛烈，主要受多重气象因素叠加影响。首先，强冷空气自西伯利亚南下，与黄海暖湿气流在威海附近剧烈交汇，形成强烈的“冷垫抬升”效应，促使大量水汽凝结成雪。其次，威海地处山东半岛东端，三面环海，海洋提供了充足水汽，加之“冷流降雪”机制——即寒冷空气经过相对温暖的海面后迅速增湿，在陆地上空遇冷凝结，导致降雪强度显著增强。此外，地形也起到助推作用：半岛丘陵地形迫使气流抬升，进一步加剧降雪。气象专家指出，此类极端天气事件在全球变暖背景下可能更加频繁，提醒各地需加强极端天气预警和应急响应能力。
In December 2023, Weihai in Shandong Province experienced an exceptionally severe snowstorm, with snow depths in multiple areas breaking historical records—exceeding 70 centimeters in some locations—and severely disrupting transportation, power supply, and agriculture. The intensity of this blizzard resulted from a rare convergence of multiple meteorological factors. First, a powerful cold air mass from Siberia moved southward and collided violently with warm, moist air over the Yellow Sea near Weihai, creating a strong ‘cold-air damming’ effect that forced abundant moisture to condense into heavy snowfall. Second, Weihai’s location at the eastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula—surrounded by sea on three sides—provided ample moisture. This, combined with the ‘lake-effect-like’ (or ‘sea-effect’) snow mechanism—where frigid air picks up heat and moisture as it passes over relatively warmer seawater, then rapidly cools and condenses upon reaching land—significantly amplified snowfall intensity. Additionally, the peninsula’s hilly terrain forced air masses to rise, further enhancing snow production. Meteorologists note that such extreme weather events may become more frequent in a warming climate, underscoring the need for improved early-warning systems and emergency preparedness.
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