近年来，美国频繁退出多个国际组织和多边协议，引发全球对其是否正在削弱现有国际秩序的广泛讨论。据不完全统计，自21世纪初以来，美国已陆续退出包括联合国教科文组织、世界卫生组织（后又重返）、巴黎气候协定、伊朗核协议、联合国人权理事会等在内的约66个国际机制或协议。这些举动被部分国际观察家视为对多边主义的背离，反映出美国外交政策日益转向‘美国优先’的单边主义立场。支持者认为，美国退出某些组织是为了维护国家主权、减少财政负担或抗议机制内部的不公平待遇。然而，批评者指出，这种做法破坏了以规则为基础的国际体系，削弱了全球在应对气候变化、公共卫生、人权保护等共同挑战上的协作能力。尤其在全球化深度交织的今天，单边行动难以替代多边合作的有效性。值得注意的是，美国并非永久性退出所有机制——例如拜登政府上台后重新加入巴黎协定与世卫组织，显示其政策具有可逆性和战略调整空间。但频繁的进退行为本身已对国际信任造成损害，使盟友和伙伴国对美国承诺的稳定性产生疑虑。长远来看，若大国持续削弱多边框架，全球治理体系或将面临碎片化与失序风险。
In recent years, the United States has repeatedly withdrawn from numerous international organizations and multilateral agreements, sparking global debate over whether it is undermining the existing international order. According to incomplete statistics, since the early 21st century, the U.S. has exited approximately 66 international mechanisms or agreements—including UNESCO, the World Health Organization (later rejoined), the Paris Climate Agreement, the Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA), and the UN Human Rights Council. These moves are viewed by some observers as a retreat from multilateralism, reflecting a shift toward a ‘America First’ unilateral foreign policy.Supporters argue that such withdrawals aim to protect national sovereignty, reduce financial burdens, or protest perceived unfairness within these institutions. Critics, however, contend that this approach erodes the rules-based international system and weakens global cooperation on shared challenges like climate change, public health, and human rights protection. In today’s deeply interconnected world, unilateral actions are increasingly inadequate substitutes for effective multilateral collaboration.Notably, the U.S. has not permanently abandoned all these frameworks—President Biden’s administration rejoined the Paris Agreement and WHO, indicating policy reversibility and strategic recalibration. Yet the frequent comings and goings themselves have damaged international trust, raising doubts among allies about the reliability of U.S. commitments. In the long term, if major powers continue to weaken multilateral institutions, the global governance system risks fragmentation and disorder.
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