近期，世界卫生组织（WHO）和各国疾控机构相继发布预警：2024-2025年流感季节的主要流行毒株已发生显著变化。与往年以甲型H1N1或H3N2为主不同，今年北半球流感疫苗推荐成分中，甲型H3N2亚型的一个新变异株（A/Wisconsin/67/2022-like）被纳入，同时乙型Victoria系毒株也更新为B/Austria/1359417/2021-like。这意味着现有疫苗若未及时更新，可能无法提供充分保护。流感病毒具有高度变异性，其表面抗原（如血凝素HA和神经氨酸酶NA）经常发生抗原漂移（antigenic drift），导致免疫系统难以识别新毒株。这种变化是每年需重新接种流感疫苗的主要原因。专家提醒，尽管毒株变化增加了防控难度，但及时接种最新配方的疫苗仍是预防重症和传播最有效的方式。公众应关注当地卫生部门发布的疫苗信息，在流感高发季前完成接种，并保持良好卫生习惯，如勤洗手、戴口罩、避免人群聚集等，以降低感染风险。
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) and national disease control agencies have issued alerts indicating a significant shift in the dominant influenza strains for the 2024–2025 flu season. Unlike previous years—when H1N1 or H3N2 subtypes of influenza A predominated—the updated Northern Hemisphere flu vaccine now includes a new variant of influenza A(H3N2), specifically the A/Wisconsin/67/2022-like strain, along with an updated influenza B/Victoria lineage strain: B/Austria/1359417/2021-like. This means older vaccines may offer inadequate protection if not reformulated.Influenza viruses are highly mutable; their surface antigens—hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)—frequently undergo antigenic drift, making it harder for the immune system to recognize new variants. This constant evolution is why annual flu vaccination is necessary. Experts emphasize that although strain changes complicate prevention efforts, getting the latest updated vaccine remains the most effective way to reduce severe illness and transmission.The public is advised to stay informed about local health authority recommendations, get vaccinated before flu season peaks, and maintain good hygiene practices—such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks when appropriate, and avoiding crowded places—to minimize infection risk.
原创文章，作者：admin，如若转载，请注明出处：https://ktez.cn/1033.html